A career interest in thermoregulation research has included wide contrasts in the subjects of enquiry, extending from heat stroke to hypothermia, special investigations in many different purpose-built climatic...
The Mexican Tarahumara are accustomed to running ultra-distance races. No data exist on the acute physiological changes following ultra-distance running and physiological-biomarker associations in this populat...
Authors: Dirk L. Christensen, Diana Espino, Rocío Infante-Ramírez, Mónica S. Cervantes-Borunda, Rosa P. Hernández-Torres, Antonio E. Rivera-Cisneros, Daniel Castillo, Kate Westgate, Dijana Terzic, Soren Brage, Christian Hassager, Jens P. Goetze and Jesper Kjaergaard
Cardiovascular (CV) and thermal responses to metabolically demanding multi-day military operations in extreme cold-weather environments are not well described. Characterization of these operations will provide...
Authors: John W. Castellani, Marissa G. Spitz, Anthony J. Karis, Svein Martini, Andrew J. Young, Lee M. Margolis, J. Phillip Karl, Nancy E. Murphy, Xiaojiang Xu, Scott J. Montain, Jamie A. Bohn, Hilde K. Teien, Pål H. Stenberg, Yngvar Gundersen and Stefan M. Pasiakos
Accidental hypothermia is common in those who sustain injuries in remote environments. This is unpleasant and associated with adverse effects on subsequent patient outcomes. To minimise further heat loss, a ra...
Authors: Christopher Press, Christopher Duffy, Jonathan Williams, Ben Cooper and Neil Chapman
This paper examines the various nutritional challenges which athletes encounter in preparing for and participating in ultra-endurance walking and running events. Special attention is paid to energy level, perf...
Whilst attending a conference in the not too distant past, I was fortunate enough to be seated at lunch next to a very eminent octogenarian academic. Conversation ensued, and I was instantly captivated by his ...
It has long been suggested that climate, especially atmospheric pressure change, can cause health problems ranging from migraine to myocardial infarction. Here, I hypothesize that the sensory system of epiderm...
High-altitude exposure causes a mild to moderate rise in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. This case report describes the first documented case of a hypertensive crisis at altitude, as well as the first r...
Authors: Edward Gilbert-Kawai, Daniel Martin, Michael Grocott and Denny Levett
To counteract microgravity (µG)-induced adaptation, European Space Agency (ESA) astronauts on long-duration missions (LDMs) to the International Space Station (ISS) perform a daily physical exercise countermea...
Authors: Nora Petersen, Patrick Jaekel, Andre Rosenberger, Tobias Weber, Jonathan Scott, Filippo Castrucci, Gunda Lambrecht, Lori Ploutz-Snyder, Volker Damann, Inessa Kozlovskaya and Joachim Mester
First responders and military personnel experience rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) far in excess of the general population. Although exposure to acute traumatic events plays a role in the genesi...
Authors: Anthony Walker, Andrew McKune, Sally Ferguson, David B. Pyne and Ben Rattray
Our cognitive system has adapted to support goal-directed behaviour within a normal environment. An abnormal environment is one to which we are not optimally adapted but can accommodate through the development...
This review addresses human capacity for movement in the context of extreme loading and with it the combined effects of metabolic, biomechanical and gravitational stress on the human body. This topic encompass...
Authors: Samuel J. E. Lucas, Jørn W. Helge, Uwe H. W. Schütz, Ralph F. Goldman and James D. Cotter
Haemoglobin is the blood’s oxygen carrying pigment and is encapsulated in red blood corpuscles. The concentration of haemoglobin in blood is dependent on both its total mass in the circulation (tHb-mass) and t...
Authors: James O. M. Plumb, James M. Otto and Michael P. W. Grocott
The purpose of this study was to determine if cold water swimmers (CWS) developed hypothermia over a 6-h cold water endurance swim and whether body composition, stroke rate (SR) or personal characteristics cor...
Authors: Tara Diversi, Vanessa Franks-Kardum and Mike Climstein
Astronauts in space consume fewer calories and return to earth predisposed to orthostatic intolerance. The role that caloric deficit plays in the modulation of autonomic control of the cardiovascular system is...
Authors: John P. Florian, Friedhelm J. Baisch, Martina Heer and James A. Pawelczyk
Saturation diving is an occupation that involves prolonged exposure to a confined, hyperoxic, hyperbaric environment. The unique and extreme environment is thought to result in disruption to physiological and ...
To support leaders and those involved in providing medical care on expeditions in wilderness environments, the Faculty of Pre-Hospital Care (FPHC) of The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh convened an expe...
Authors: Adrian Mellor, Naomi Dodds, Raj Joshi, John Hall, Sundeep Dhillon, Sarah Hollis, Pete Davis, David Hillebrandt, Eva Howard, Matthew Wilkes, Burjor Langdana, David Lee, Nigel Hinson, Thomas Harcourt Williams, Joe Rowles and Harvey Pynn
This review focuses on a career of unique opportunities to participate in various areas of research related to extreme physiology and medicine. My experience as a volunteer subject in exercise experiments cond...
The question of the safety of anaesthetic procedures performed by non anaesthetists or even by non physicians has long been debated. We explore here this question in the hypothetical context of an exploration ...
Studies have recently focused on the effect of running a mountain ultra-marathon (MUM) and their results show muscular inflammation, damage and force loss. However, the link between peripheral oedema and muscl...
Authors: Damien Vitiello, Francis Degache, Jonas J. Saugy, Nicolas Place, Federico Schena and Grégoire P. Millet
Recovery and regeneration modalities have been developed empirically over the years to help and support training programmes aimed at maximizing athletic performance. Professional athletes undergo numerous trai...
Prolonged immobility is harmful with rapid reductions in muscle mass, bone mineral density and impairment in other body systems evident within the first week of bed rest which is further exacerbated in individ...
Rapidly cooling firefighters post emergency response is likely to increase the operational effectiveness of fire services during prolonged incidents. A variety of techniques have therefore been examined to ret...
