Articles

Career perspective: Kenneth J. Collins

A career interest in thermoregulation research has included wide contrasts in the subjects of enquiry, extending from heat stroke to hypothermia, special investigations in many different purpose-built climatic...

Authors: Kenneth John Collins

Transient cardiac dysfunction but elevated cardiac and kidney biomarkers 24 h following an ultra-distance running event in Mexican Tarahumara

The Mexican Tarahumara are accustomed to running ultra-distance races. No data exist on the acute physiological changes following ultra-distance running and physiological-biomarker associations in this populat...

Authors: Dirk L. Christensen, Diana Espino, Rocío Infante-Ramírez, Mónica S. Cervantes-Borunda, Rosa P. Hernández-Torres, Antonio E. Rivera-Cisneros, Daniel Castillo, Kate Westgate, Dijana Terzic, Soren Brage, Christian Hassager, Jens P. Goetze and Jesper Kjaergaard

Cardiovascular and thermal strain during 3–4 days of a metabolically demanding cold-weather military operation

Cardiovascular (CV) and thermal responses to metabolically demanding multi-day military operations in extreme cold-weather environments are not well described. Characterization of these operations will provide...

Authors: John W. Castellani, Marissa G. Spitz, Anthony J. Karis, Svein Martini, Andrew J. Young, Lee M. Margolis, J. Phillip Karl, Nancy E. Murphy, Xiaojiang Xu, Scott J. Montain, Jamie A. Bohn, Hilde K. Teien, Pål H. Stenberg, Yngvar Gundersen and Stefan M. Pasiakos

Measurements of rates of cooling of a manikin insulated with different mountain rescue casualty bags

Accidental hypothermia is common in those who sustain injuries in remote environments. This is unpleasant and associated with adverse effects on subsequent patient outcomes. To minimise further heat loss, a ra...

Authors: Christopher Press, Christopher Duffy, Jonathan Williams, Ben Cooper and Neil Chapman

Nutritional implications for ultra-endurance walking and running events

This paper examines the various nutritional challenges which athletes encounter in preparing for and participating in ultra-endurance walking and running events. Special attention is paid to energy level, perf...

Authors: Eric Williamson

In conversation with…Thomas Frederic Hornbein

Whilst attending a conference in the not too distant past, I was fortunate enough to be seated at lunch next to a very eminent octogenarian academic. Conversation ensued, and I was instantly captivated by his ...

Authors: Ned Gilbert-Kawai

Keratinocytes at the uppermost layer of epidermis might act as sensors of atmospheric pressure change

It has long been suggested that climate, especially atmospheric pressure change, can cause health problems ranging from migraine to myocardial infarction. Here, I hypothesize that the sensory system of epiderm...

Authors: Mitsuhiro Denda

High altitude-related hypertensive crisis and acute kidney injury in an asymptomatic healthy individual

High-altitude exposure causes a mild to moderate rise in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. This case report describes the first documented case of a hypertensive crisis at altitude, as well as the first r...

Authors: Edward Gilbert-Kawai, Daniel Martin, Michael Grocott and Denny Levett

Exercise in space: the European Space Agency approach to in-flight exercise countermeasures for long-duration missions on ISS

To counteract microgravity (µG)-induced adaptation, European Space Agency (ESA) astronauts on long-duration missions (LDMs) to the International Space Station (ISS) perform a daily physical exercise countermea...

Authors: Nora Petersen, Patrick Jaekel, Andre Rosenberger, Tobias Weber, Jonathan Scott, Filippo Castrucci, Gunda Lambrecht, Lori Ploutz-Snyder, Volker Damann, Inessa Kozlovskaya and Joachim Mester

Chronic occupational exposures can influence the rate of PTSD and depressive disorders in first responders and military personnel

First responders and military personnel experience rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) far in excess of the general population. Although exposure to acute traumatic events plays a role in the genesi...

Authors: Anthony Walker, Andrew McKune, Sally Ferguson, David B. Pyne and Ben Rattray

Psychological factors in exceptional, extreme and torturous environments

Our cognitive system has adapted to support goal-directed behaviour within a normal environment. An abnormal environment is one to which we are not optimally adapted but can accommodate through the development...

Authors: John Leach

Moving in extreme environments: extreme loading; carriage versus distance

This review addresses human capacity for movement in the context of extreme loading and with it the combined effects of metabolic, biomechanical and gravitational stress on the human body. This topic encompass...

Authors: Samuel J. E. Lucas, Jørn W. Helge, Uwe H. W. Schütz, Ralph F. Goldman and James D. Cotter

‘Blood doping’ from Armstrong to prehabilitation: manipulation of blood to improve performance in athletes and physiological reserve in patients

Haemoglobin is the blood’s oxygen carrying pigment and is encapsulated in red blood corpuscles. The concentration of haemoglobin in blood is dependent on both its total mass in the circulation (tHb-mass) and t...

Authors: James O. M. Plumb, James M. Otto and Michael P. W. Grocott

Erratum to: The effect of cold water endurance swimming on core temperature in aspiring English Channel swimmers

Authors: Tara Diversi, Vanessa Franks-Kardum and Mike Climstein

The effect of cold water endurance swimming on core temperature in aspiring English Channel swimmers

The purpose of this study was to determine if cold water swimmers (CWS) developed hypothermia over a 6-h cold water endurance swim and whether body composition, stroke rate (SR) or personal characteristics cor...

Authors: Tara Diversi, Vanessa Franks-Kardum and Mike Climstein

Caloric restriction diminishes the pressor response to static exercise

Astronauts in space consume fewer calories and return to earth predisposed to orthostatic intolerance. The role that caloric deficit plays in the modulation of autonomic control of the cardiovascular system is...

Authors: John P. Florian, Friedhelm J. Baisch, Martina Heer and James A. Pawelczyk

Nutritional considerations during prolonged exposure to a confined, hyperbaric, hyperoxic environment: recommendations for saturation divers

Saturation diving is an occupation that involves prolonged exposure to a confined, hyperoxic, hyperbaric environment. The unique and extreme environment is thought to result in disruption to physiological and ...

Authors: S. K. Deb, P. A. Swinton and E. Dolan

Faculty of Prehospital Care, Royal College of Surgeons Edinburgh guidance for medical provision for wilderness medicine

To support leaders and those involved in providing medical care on expeditions in wilderness environments, the Faculty of Pre-Hospital Care (FPHC) of The Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh convened an expe...

Authors: Adrian Mellor, Naomi Dodds, Raj Joshi, John Hall, Sundeep Dhillon, Sarah Hollis, Pete Davis, David Hillebrandt, Eva Howard, Matthew Wilkes, Burjor Langdana, David Lee, Nigel Hinson, Thomas Harcourt Williams, Joe Rowles and Harvey Pynn

Career perspective: Victor A. Convertino

This review focuses on a career of unique opportunities to participate in various areas of research related to extreme physiology and medicine. My experience as a volunteer subject in exercise experiments cond...

Authors: Victor A. Convertino

Erratum to: The cardiovascular reserve index (CVRI) - a surrogate index in predicting heat tolerance

Authors: Yoram Epstein, Savyon Mazgaoker, Danit Atias, Ran Yanovich, Uri Gabbay and Yuval Heled

Intubation after rapid sequence induction performed by non-medical personnel during space exploration missions: a simulation pilot study in a Mars analogue environment

The question of the safety of anaesthetic procedures performed by non anaesthetists or even by non physicians has long been debated. We explore here this question in the hypothetical context of an exploration ...

Authors: Matthieu Komorowski and Sarah Fleming

The increase in hydric volume is associated to contractile impairment in the calf after the world’s most extreme mountain ultra-marathon

Studies have recently focused on the effect of running a mountain ultra-marathon (MUM) and their results show muscular inflammation, damage and force loss. However, the link between peripheral oedema and muscl...

Authors: Damien Vitiello, Francis Degache, Jonas J. Saugy, Nicolas Place, Federico Schena and Grégoire P. Millet

Cold applications for recovery in adolescent athletes: a systematic review and meta analysis

Recovery and regeneration modalities have been developed empirically over the years to help and support training programmes aimed at maximizing athletic performance. Professional athletes undergo numerous trai...

Authors: Andrew Murray and Marco Cardinale

The impact of extended bed rest on the musculoskeletal system in the critical care environment

Prolonged immobility is harmful with rapid reductions in muscle mass, bone mineral density and impairment in other body systems evident within the first week of bed rest which is further exacerbated in individ...

Authors: Selina M. Parry and Zudin A. Puthucheary

Water immersion for post incident cooling of firefighters; a review of practical fire ground cooling modalities

Rapidly cooling firefighters post emergency response is likely to increase the operational effectiveness of fire services during prolonged incidents. A variety of techniques have therefore been examined to ret...

Authors: Matt Brearley and Anthony Walker

Low temperatures and wind; challenges, applicability and limitations from an industrial perspective

Authors: Øystein Nordrum Wiggen, Arild Øvrum, Arne Haugan and Hilde Færevik

The cardiovascular reserve index (CVRI) - a surrogate index in predicting heat tolerance

Authors: Yoram Epstein, Savyon Mazgaoker, Danit Atias, Ran Yanovich, Uri Gabbay and Yuval Heled

Numerical evaluation of a radiant panel system for heating a high-ceiling room

Authors: António M Raimundo, A Virgílio M Oliveira, Adélio R Gaspar and Divo A Quintela

Postural influences on sweating: exploring the effects of gravity and pressure

Authors: Norikazu Ohnishi, Sean R Notley, Joonhee Park, Kyoko Tagami, Catriona A Burdon, Elizabeth A Taylor and Nigel AS Taylor

Physiological investigation of heatable fabrics

Authors: Edith Classen and Ferry Siegl

Quantitative evaluation of personal protective ensembles relative to heat strain

Authors: Xiaojiang Xu and Julio Gonzalez

Sleep quality and air conditioner use

Authors: Kazuyo Tsuzuki, Naomi Morito and Hajime Nishimiya

The contribution of sensory nerves to cutaneous vasodilatation of the forearm and leg to local skin warming

Authors: Matthew M Mallette, Gary J Hodges, Andrew T Del Pozzi, Gregory W McGarr and Stephen S Cheung

Physiological and metabolic responses to prolonged hypoxia and extreme cold: Preliminary data from the White Mars Antarctica winter expedition

Authors: Katie A O'Brien, Ross Pollock, Mike Stroud, Alex Kumar, Robert J Lambert, David A Green, Lindsay M Edwards and Stephen Harridge

The impact of thermal pre-conditioning on cutaneous vasomotor and shivering thresholds

Authors: Joanne N Caldwell, Åsa Nykvist, Nicholas Powers, Sean R Notley, Daniel S Lee, Gregory E Peoples and Nigel AS Taylor

Individual differences in thermoeffector function in the heat: morphological variations help determine effector activation

Authors: Sean R Notley, Joonhee Park, Kyoko Tagami, Norikazu Ohnishi and Nigel AS Taylor

Effects of forearm muscle metaboreceptors activation on sweating and cutaneous vascular responses during passive heating and cycle exercising in humans

Authors: Tatsuro Amano, Yoshimitsu Inoue, Takeshi Nishiyasu, Glen P Kenny and Narihiko Kondo

Hypohydration per se affects mood states and executive cognitive processing: results from a face-valid model for studying some consequences of 'voluntary dehydration'

Authors: Toby Mündel, Stephen Hill and Stephen Legg

The "AVA - organ"

Authors: Leif Vanggaard, Kalev Kuklane and Amitava Halder

Evaluation of the wear comfort of corporate identity clothes - the influence of water and soil repellency

Authors: Edith Classen

Ventilation of horse riding helmets: what is the connection between laboratory and field measurements?

Authors: Matthieu Jolly, Alexia Cariou and Emmanuelle Koralewski

Evaporative resistance of newly designed bicycle helmets

Authors: Kalev Kuklane, Helena Aljaste and Sixten S Heidmets

Critical WBGT for 4 protective clothing made of fabrics with different Total Heat Loss values

Authors: Aitor Coca, Jung-Hyun Kim, Candi Ashley and Thomas Bernard

Respiratory mechanics influence VO₂max in acute hypoxia in females

Authors: Teruhiro Hanamaru, Tsuyoshi Yoshikawa, Takeshi Nishiyasu and Takeshi Ogawa

Cold-induced vasoconstriction for preventing onycholysis during cancer treatment

Authors: Lola Bladt, Jonathan De Clercq, Tom Janssens, Johan Van Hulle, Jochen Vleugels, Jean-Marie Aerts and Guido De Bruyne

The effect of a live-high/train-high regimen on emotional state

Authors: Adam C McDonnell, Nektarios AM Stavrou, Ola Eiken and Igor B Mekjavic

Neuromuscular fatigue during hypoxia is mediated by the hypoxic ventilatory response

Authors: Geoffrey Hartley, Cody Watson, Philip Ainslie, Matthew Greenway and Stephen Cheung

Effects of sweating on distal skin temperature prediction during walking

Authors: Stephanie Veselá, Boris RM Kingma and Arjan JH Frijns

Physiological responses and balance ability are affected by physical workload and heat exposure in workers

Authors: Su-Young Son, Ken Tokizawa, Akinori Yasuda and Chin-ichi Sawada

Soldiers' perceived versus actual heat strain in a jungle environment

Authors: Alison Fogarty, Andrew Hunt and Catriona A Burdon