From: Skeletal muscle energy metabolism in environmental hypoxia: climbing towards consensus
First author | Year | Organism | Muscle model | Hypoxia model | p(O 2 ) min (kPa) | Duration (d) | Marker | Change |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Green [15] | 1992 | Human | vl | 4,300Â m | 12.8 | 1 | HOAD activity | = |
Roberts [30] | 1996 | Human | vl | 4,300Â m | 12.8 | 1 | Fatty acid oxidation | = |
Morash [31] | 2013 | Mouse | mix | 13% O2 | 13.1 | 1 | PPARα levels | ↓ |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  | CPT-1 levels | ↓ |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  | CPT-1 activity | ↓ |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  | HOAD activity | = |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  | Palmitate oxidation | ↓ |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  | Palmitoyl carnitine OXPHOS | ↓ |
Dutta [28] | 2009 | Rat | mix | 349Â mmHg | 10.3 | 7 | CPT-1 activity | = |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  | Fatty acid oxidation | ↓ |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  | HOAD activity | ↓ |
Morash [31] | 2013 | Mouse | mix | 13% O2 | 13.1 | 7 | PPARα levels | ↓ |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  | CPT-1 levels | ↓ |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  | CPT-1 activity | ↓ |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  | HOAD activity | = |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  | Palmitate oxidation | ↓ |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  | Palmitoyl carnitine OXPHOS | ↓ |
Vigano [16] | 2008 | Human | vl | 4,559 m | 12.4 | 8 | CACT levels | ↓ |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  | ECAH levels | ↓ |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  | ECAI levels | ↓ |
Jacobs [35] | 2013a | Human | vl | 4,559Â m | 12.4 | 10 | Octanoyl carnitine OXPHOS | = |
Levett [18] | 2012 | Human | vl | 5,300Â m | 11.3 | 19 | HOAD activity | = |
Daneshrad [24] | 2000 | Rat | sol | 10% O2 | 10.1 | 21 | HOAD activity | = |
Green [15] | 1992 | Human | vl | 4,300Â m | 12.8 | 21 | HOAD activity | = |
Roberts [30] | 1996 | Human | vl | 4,300 m | 12.8 | 21 | Fatty acid oxidation | ↓ |
Takahashi [34] | 1993 | Rat | pla | 10% O2 | 10.1 | 28 | HOAD activity | = |
Takahashi [34] | 1993 | Rat | sol | 10% O2 | 10.1 | 28 | HOAD activity | = |
Jacobs [36] | 2013b | Human | vl | 3,454Â m | 14.2 | 28 | Octanoyl carnitine OXPHOS | = |
Galbes [32] | 2008 | Rat | q | 4,000 m | 13.3 | 35 | CPT-1 activity | ↓ |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  | CPT-1 levels | ↓ |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  | HOAD activity | ↓ |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  | Palmitoyl carnitine OXPHOS | ↓ |
Green [17] | 1989 | Human | vl | 8,848Â m | 7.1 | 40 | HOAD activity | = |
Abdelmalki [23] | 1996 | Rat | sol | 13% O2 | 13.1 | 64 | HOAD activity | = |
Abdelmalki [23] | 1996 | Rat | pla | 13% O2 | 13.1 | 64 | HOAD activity | ↓ |
Abdelmalki [23] | 1996 | Rat | rq | 13% O2 | 13.1 | 64 | HOAD activity | = |
Abdelmalki [23] | 1996 | Rat | wq | 13% O2 | 13.1 | 64 | HOAD activity | = |
Levett [18] | 2012 | Human | vl | 8,848 m | 7.1 | 66 | HOAD activity | ↓ |
Mizuno [33] | 2008 | Human | vl | 5,250Â m | 11.4 | 75 | HOAD activity | = |
Ou [26] | 2004 | Rat | edl | 5,500 m | 11.0 | 90 | Palmitate uptake | ↓ |
 |  |  |  |  |  |  | Palmitate oxidation | ↑ |