Skeletal muscle energy metabolism in environmental hypoxia: climbing towards consensus

Horscroft, James A; Murray, Andrew J

doi:10.1186/2046-7648-3-19

Extreme Physiology & Medicine

Table 4 The effects of environmental hypoxia on biomarkers of TCA cycle function in skeletal muscle

From: Skeletal muscle energy metabolism in environmental hypoxia: climbing towards consensus

First author	Year	Organism	Muscle model	Hypoxia model	p(O ₂ ) _min (kPa)	Duration (d)	Marker	Change
Morash [31]	2013	Mouse	mix	13% O₂	13.1	1	Citrate synthase activity	=
							Aconitase activity	=
Green [15]	1992	Human	vl	4,300 m	12.8	1	Succinate dehydrogenase activity	=
Magalhaes [38]	2005	Mouse	mix	8,500 m	7.4	2	Aconitase activity	↓
Pastoris [29]	1995	Rat	gnm	5,860 m	10.1	3	Citrate synthase activity	↓
							Malate dehydrogenase activity	=
Pastoris [29]	1995	Rat	sol	5,860 m	10.1	3	Citrate synthase activity	=
							Malate dehydrogenase activity	=
Morash [31]	2013	Mouse	mix	13% O₂	13.1	7	Citrate synthase activity	=
							Aconitase activity	=
Dutta [28]	2009	Rat	mix	349 mmHg	10.3	7	Citrate synthase activity	↓
							Malate dehydrogenase activity	↓
							Succinate dehydrogenase activity	↓
Vigano [16]	2008	Human	vl	4,559 m	12.4	8	Aconitase levels	↓
							α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase levels	↓
							Malate dehydrogenase levels	↓
Chaillou [14]	2013	Rat	pla	5,500 m	11.0	9	Citrate synthase activity	↓
De Palma [27]	2007	Rat	gnm	10% O₂	10.1	14	Aconitase levels	↓
							Malate dehydrogenase levels	↓
							Pyruvate dehydrogenase levels	↓
							Succinyl coenzyme A synthetase levels	↓
Young [22]	1984	Human	vl	4,300 m	12.8	18	Malate dehydrogenase activity	=
Levett [18]	2012	Human	vl	5,300 m	11.3	19	Citrate synthase levels	=
							Citrate synthase expression	=
Green [15]	1992	Human	vl	4,300 m	12.8	21	Succinate dehydrogenase activity	=
Green [19]	2000	Human	vl	6,194 m	10.1	21	Citrate synthase activity	=
Daneshrad [24]	2000	Rat	sol	10% O₂	10.1	21	Citrate synthase activity	=
Takahashi [34]	1993	Rat	pla	10% O₂	10.1	28	Malate dehydrogenase activity	↓
Takahashi [34]	1993	Rat	sol	10% O₂	10.1	28	Malate dehydrogenase activity	=
Beaudry [39]	2010	Mouse	gnm	480 mmHg	13.4	28	Citrate synthase activity	=
Wuest [40]	2009	Rat	pla	410 mmHg	11.5	28	Succinate dehydrogenase activity	=
Jacobs [36]	2013b	Human	vl	3,454 m	14.2	28	Citrate synthase activity	=
Galbes [32]	2008	Rat	q	4,000 m	13.3	35	Citrate synthase activity	=
Green [17]	1989	Human	vl	8,848 m	7.1	40	Citrate synthase activity	↓
							Succinate dehydrogenase activity	↓
Chaillou [14]	2013	Rat	pla	5,500 m	11.0	63	Citrate synthase activity	↓
Abdelmalki [23]	1996	Rat	sol	13% O₂	13.1	64	Citrate synthase activity	=
Abdelmalki [23]	1996	Rat	pla	13% O₂	13.1	64	Citrate synthase activity	↓
Abdelmalki [23]	1996	Rat	rq	13% O₂	13.1	64	Citrate synthase activity	=
Abdelmalki [23]	1996	Rat	wq	13% O₂	13.1	64	Citrate synthase activity	=
Levett [18]	2012	Human	vl	8,848 m	7.1	66	Citrate synthase levels	↓
Mizuno [33]	2008	Human	vl	5,250 m	11.4	75	Citrate synthase activity	=

↑ Change in biomarker is indicative of an increase in TCA cycle function in hypoxia.
= No change in biomarker in hypoxia.
↓ Change in biomarker is indicative of a decrease in TCA cycle function in hypoxia.
Abbreviations: edl extensor digitorum longus, gnm gastrocnemius, mix mixed skeletal, pla plantaris, q quadriceps, rq red quadriceps, sol soleus, vl vastus lateralis, wq white quadriceps.

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ISSN: 2046-7648

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