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Table 7 Time course of hypoxic response

From: Skeletal muscle energy metabolism in environmental hypoxia: climbing towards consensus

Duration

Glycolysis

β-oxidation

TCA cycle function

Oxidative phosphorylation

Mitochondrial density

 

↑

=

↓

↑

=

↓

↑

=

↓

↑

=

↓

↑

=

↓

Short

0%

50%

50%

0%

75%

25%

0%

50%

50%

0%

50%

50%

0%

100%

0%

Medium

33%

50%

17%

0%

67%

33%

0%

86%

14%

0%

0%

100%

0%

60%

40%

Long

0%

50%

50%

0%

50%

50%

0%

50%

50%

0%

0%

100%

0%

33%

67%

  1. The percentage of hypoxic settings in which biomarkers report a significant decrease (↓), a significant increase (↑) or unchanged/unclear results (=) in human m. vastus lateralis, following short- (0–14 d), medium- (15–42 d) or long- (43–90 d) term exposure to an environmental p(O2) <15 kPa.