Table 2 Predictors of 6MWT

Age (years)

 35–44

42

507 (79)

<0.001

32

414 (57)

0.08

 45–54

44

494 (58)

60

427 (70)

 55–64

46

469 (86)

44

416 (64)

 65–85

36

421 (72)

30

389 (58)

Gender (percent)

 Males

80

506 (83)

<0.001

71

446 (68)

<0.001

 Females

88

446 (67)

95

392 (51)

Height (cm)

 130–144

19

431 (60)

<0.001

10

371 (39)

<0.001

 145–159

92

450 (73)

86

397 (53)

 160–200

57

529 (70)

70

444 (69)

Weight (kg)

 40–59

41

440 (76)

<0.001

45

396 (53)

0.06

 60–79

107

478 (78)

100

423 (67)

 80–101

20

529 (70)

21

417 (68)

Body mass index (kg/m²)

 16–24

32

473 (89)

0.88

51

428 (77)

0.02

 25–29

86

473 (80)

84

417 (57)

 30–35

50

479 (77)

31

387 (54)

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

 75–89

2

448 (106)

0.57

7

399 (36)

0.78

 90–119

95

480 (74)

135

415 (64)

 120–139

71

468 (89)

24

419 (74)

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

 40–64

43

458 (69)

0.24

52

408 (63)

0.64

 65–79

107

482 (82)

97

417 (65)

 80–99

18

468 (94)

17

422 (67)

Resting heart rate (beats per minute)

 40–59

32

465 (67)

0.47

14

438 (67)

0.38

 60–79

121

479 (82)

123

413 (64)

 80–105

15

458 (95)

29

412 (65)

Active heart rate (beats per minute)

 45–64

38

451 (69)

0.05

50

398 (51)

0.08

 65–84

113

478 (78)

96

422 (69)

 85–120

17

504 (108)

20

422 (65)

Delta heart rate (beats per minute)

  < 0

24

447 (49)

<0.001

72

394 (55)

<0.001

 0–14

131

470 (79)

92

431 (67)

 15–35

13

569 (87)

2

430 (35)

Difficulty breathing after 6MWT (self-rating based on Borg Scale)

 0

132

474 (80)

0.65

88

420 (66)

0.39

 0.5–2

25

487 (91)

55

413 (63)

  ≥ 3

11

462 (64)

23

400 (62)

Fatigue after 6MWT (self-rating based on Borg Scale)

 0

107

470 (80)

0.41

65

417 (65)

0.80

 0.5–2

34

491 (85)

68

416 (63)

  ≥ 3

27

474 (76)

33

408 (68)

hsCRP (mg/dL)

  < 1

50

478 (86)

0.03

76

412 (58)

0.65

 1–2

63

492 (81)

63

414 (69)

 3–35

55

452 (70)

27

425 (71)

Insulin (uUnits/mL)

 0–4

36

479 (90)

0.92

63

427 (76)

0.06

 5–10

71

475 (85)

64

400 (48)

 10–100

61

472 (70)

39

419 (65)

Glucose (mg/dL)

 60–79

17

472 (78)

0.57

30

405 (62)

0.67

 80–99

121

478 (83)

110

418 (68)

 100–300

30

461 (71)

26

414 (53)

High density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL)

 0–39

90

489 (89)

0.04

80

424 (67)

0.21

 40–59

66

462 (68)

72

405 (58)

 60–100

12

440 (57)

14

413 (80)

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

 0–99

52

468 (79)

0.60

37

396 (55)

0.08

 100–199

77

474 (78)

92

417 (67)

 200–1,200

39

485 (89)

37

429 (64)

Hemoglobin (g/dL)

 9–12

58

446 (70)

<0.001

2

416 (39)

<0.01

 13–16

110

490 (85)

86

398 (58)

 17–21

0

NA (NA)

78

434 (67)

Hemoglobin A1c (mmol/mol)

 4–4.99

5

440 (58)

0.37

2

397 (49)

0.22

 5–5.99

139

478 (84)

110

415 (67)

 6–7

24

460 (64)

54

416 (60)

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL)

 0–74

12

516 (69)

0.21

12

446 (94)

0.22

 75–149

118

472 (82)

119

413 (64)

 150–325

38

471 (77)

35

411 (53)

Lean mass

 30–44

88

442 (70)

<0.001

92

391 (47)

<0.001

 45–54

52

496 (73)

43

441 (69)

 55–75

28

536 (79)

31

448 (76)

Percent body fat (%)

 10–24

40

513 (84)

<0.01

46

455 (74)

<0.001

 25–34

79

469 (78)

67

404 (50)

 35–50

49

453 (72)

53

393 (58)

Water weight (kg)

 20–29

53

438 (69)

<0.001

65

390 (47)

<0.001

 30–39

85

475 (74)

69

423 (66)

 40–55

30

540 (78)

32

447 (75)

Education (level)

  ≤ Secondary

60

430 (74)

<0.001

29

382 (42)

<0.01

 Higher, non-university

76

489 (72)

52

410 (62)

 University

32

525 (70)

85

429 (68)

Income per month (soles)

  < 550

27

429 (75)

<0.001

49

399 (63)

0.07

 550–1,499

116

483 (77)

69

428 (69)

  ≥ 1,500

18

516 (74)

19

410 (52)

 Not available

7

29

Number of people per household

 1–3

29

465 (99)

0.46

65

416 (71)

0.69

 4–5

65

484 (77)

68

410 (59)

 6–17

74

470 (76)

33

422 (66)

Number of days walking for 10 min or more per week

 0

130

472 (82)

0.34

145

412 (65)

0.17

 1

12

508 (82)

5

400 (51)

  ≥ 2

26

473 (72)

16

443 (62)

Number of days of exercise per week

 0

156

470 (79)

0.02

149

410 (62)

<0.01

 1

8

550 (67)

5

469 (27)

  ≥ 2

4

499 (121)

12

456 (80)

Pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (liters)

 1.0–1.49

4

338 (40)

<0.001

3

346 (30)

<0.01

 1.5–1.99

21

414 (64)

18

380 (30)

  ≥ 2.0

143

487 (76)

145

421 (66)

Height-adjusted pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (L/m²)

 0.0–0.99

46

429 (76)

<0.001

49

393 (64)

<0.01

 1.0–1.49

113

490 (75)

101

420 (64)

  ≥ 1.5

9

519 (78)

16

451 (52)

Pre-bronchodilator forced vital capacity (liters)

 1.0–1.99

2

371 (3)

<0.001

3

346 (30)

<0.001

 2.0–2.99

54

429 (67)

40

383 (40)

  ≥ 3.0

112

499 (76)

123

427 (67)

Height-adjusted pre-bronchodilator forced vital capacity (L/m²)

 0.0–1.49

94

445 (67)

<0.001

91

395 (58)

<0.001

 1.5–1.99

65

510 (79)

63

434 (63)

  ≥ 2.0

9

529 (100)

12

464 (71)

Pre-bronchodilator FEV₁/FVC (%)

 60–69

11

482 (110)

0.92

20

418 (72)

0.95

 70–84

148

474 (80)

138

414 (65)

  ≥ 85

9

481 (56)

8

417 (32)

Pulse oximetry (percent)

 70–84

0

NA (NA)

0.40

8

401 (58)

0.66

 85–94

1

406 (NA)

153

415 (65)

 95–100

167

475 (81)

5

434 (72)