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Table 1 Mean (SD) time to reach core temperature (Tco) of 39 °C in the five ensembles for Condition A (32 °C and 92 % rh) and skin temperature (Tsk), comfort, and heat sensation at that point; Tco, Tsk, comfort and heat sensation for Condition B (26 °C and 80 % rh) at 80 min of testing.

From: Physiological and subjective evaluation of PPE using a sweating thermal manikin

Tco (°C)

PPE

Condition

TIME (min)

Tsk (°C)

Heat Sensation

Comfort

39

Control

A

+80b,c,d,e

36.8(0.2)c,d,e

3.2(0. 1)d,e

-3.1(0.1)d,e

 

Ensemble 1

A

+80a,d,e

37.3(0.3)d,e

3.6(0.2)

-3.2(0.1)

 

Ensemble 2

A

78(7)a,d,e

37.7(0.2)a

3.5(0.2)

-3.2(0.1)

 

Ensemble 3

A

65(3)a,b,c

38.3(0.2)a,b

3.7(0. 1)a

-3.4(0.1)a

 

Ensemble 4

A

62(5)a,b,c

38.4(0.8)a,b

3.8(0. 1)a

-3.4(0.1)a

TIME (min)

  

T co (°C) at 80 min

   

80 min

Control

B

37.9(0.1)

35.4(0.2)

2.6(0.5)

-1.8(0.4)

 

Ensemble 1

B

38.05(0.1)c,d,e

35.8(0.6)e

2.4(0.5)e

-2.3(0.3)e

 

Ensemble 2

B

38.33(0.1)b,d,e

36.4(0.4)e

2.5(0.6)

-2.6(0.4)e

 

Ensemble 3

B

38.7(0.1)b,c

36.9(0.2)

2.5(0.4)

-3(0.2)

 

Ensemble 4

B

38.9(0.2)b,c

37.6(0.4)b,c

3.2(0.6)b

-3.2(0.2)b,c

  1. (n = 3)
  2. Control PPE for Condition B was not included in the statistical analysis because only two replicates were collected. Superscripts indicate pairs of values that differ significantly (P < 0.05) where a=Control, b=Ensemble 1, c=Ensemble 2, d=Ensemble 3, and e=Ensemble 4.