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Table 3 Descriptive data for MSI studies meeting the inclusion criteria

From: Water immersion for post incident cooling of firefighters; a review of practical fire ground cooling modalities

Cooling rate

n

Age (years)

Ta (°C)

Mins to treatment

Tw (°C)

Duration (mins)

BMI (kg m2)

BSA (m−2)

Tc site

Pre Tc

Δ Tc (°C min−1)

Immersion depth

References

Unacceptable

9M

24

20.0

0

20

25

24.5

2.0

GI

38.6

~0.01

Mid-sternum

[35]

9M

29

18.0

5

8

15

21.7

1.8

GI

38.3

~0.03

Lower body

[36]

13M

39

29.5

0

25

30

27.6

2.1

GI

38.5

~0.04b

Mid-sternum

[2]

5M

25

NR

NR

10–12

30

26.2

2.0

R

38.8

0.04

Torso

[37]

9M/7F

24

22.2

NR

14

30

22.3

2.0

R

38.7

~0.04b

Neck out

[30]

9M

21

NR

10

10

20

23.5

2.0

GI

38.4

~0.04

Mid-sternum

[38]

10M

27

24.0

25

14.3

20

23.8

2.0

R

38.2

~0.04

Mid-sternum

[39]

12M

29

24.0

25

14.3

20

NR

NR

R

38.6

~0.04

Mid-sternum

[40]

9M

29

18.0

5

15

15

21.7

1.8

GI

38.4

~0.05

Lower body

[36]

12M

29

24.0

25

14.3

10

NR

NR

R

38.6

~0.05

Mid-sternum

[40]

12M

29

24.0

25

14.3

5

NR

NR

R

38.6

~0.06

Mid-sternum

[40]

10M

29

22.0

5

26

~42

26.8

2.1

R

40.0

0.06a

Mid-sternum

[41]

Acceptable

9M

19

NR

NR

25

30

19.6

1.6

R

38.5

~0.07

Neck out

[42]

10M

29

23.0

5

14

15

NR

NR

R

38.8

~0.07

Mid-sternum

[43]

12M

32

NR

NR

14

15

22.1

1.9

R

38.5

~0.08

Neck out

[44]

10M

35

NR

5

14

15

24.0

2.0

R

38.6

0.08

Mid-sternum

[45]

26M

39

19.7

10

15

15

25.8

2.0

GI

38.9

0.09b

Lower body

[5]

10M

34

32.8

5

15

15

24.2

2.0

R

38.5

~0.09

Neck out

[46]

10M

29

22.0

5

26

~25

24.9

2.0

R

40.0

0.10a

Mid-sternum

[41]

8M

23

20-22

5

26

26

21.2

2.0

R

40.1

0.10a

Neck out

[47]

Ideal

4M

23

25.0

5

23.5

6

26.1

1.9

R

39.2

~0.11a

Mid-sternum

[48]

6M/4F

22

25.0

1.5

2

16

22.9

1.8

R

39.6

0.14

Neck out

[49]

3M/4F

22

25.7

2.7

14

17

23.6

1.8

R

39.8

0.15a

Neck out

[50]

14M/3F

28

28.9

2-4

5.2

12

21.1

1.9

R

39.5

0.16b

Torso

[31]

14M/3F

28

28.9

2-4

14

12

21.1

1.9

R

39.6

0.16b

Torso

[31]

12M/3F

28

29.5

2-4

14

12

21.1

1.9

R

39.5

0.16b

Torso/upper legs

[32]

10M

29

22.0

5

2

~16

26.8

2.1

R

40.0

0.16a

Mid-sternum

[41]

8M

30

40.0

40

2

~12.5

24.6

2.0

R

39.6

0.17a

Mid-sternum

[51]

8M

30

40.0

20

2

~14

24.6

2.0

R

39.9

0.17a

Mid-sternum

[51]

4M

22

25.0

5

11.7

6

23.9

1.9

R

39.8

~0.18a

Mid-sternum

[48]

8M

23

20-22

5

14

13.9

21.2

2.0

R

40.1

0.18a

Neck out

[47]

3M/4F

22

25.7

2.7

8

15

23.6

1.8

R

39.8

0.19a

Neck out

[50]

3M/4F

22

25.7

2.7

20

18

23.6

1.8

R

39.8

0.19a

Neck out

[50]

12M/3F

28

29.5

2-4

5.2

12

21.1

1.9

R

39.5

0.20b

Torso/upper legs

[32]

13M/1F

35

24.4

4-8

1–3

16

NR

NR

R

41.7

0.20b

Torso/upper legs

[33]

9M

26

NR

NR

8

13.1

26.7

2.1

R

39.9

0.20

Mid-sternum

[34]

8M

30

40.0

5

2

~12.5

24.6

2.0

R

40.1

0.21a

Mid-sternum

[51]

131M/81F

32

23.3

NR

~10

NR

NR

NR

R

41.4

0.22b

Torso/upper legs

[52]

8M

27

NR

NR

8

12.8

22.9

1.9

R

40.1

0.23

Mid-sternum

[34]

7M/2F

26

~29.0

6.3

2

~6

24.6

1.9

R

39.6

0.26a

Mid-sternum

[53]

10M

29

22.0

5

2

~9

24.9

2.0

R

40.0

0.27a

Mid-sternum

[41]

18M

22

39.9

NR

~10

6.2

25.7

2.0

R

39.5

0.28a

Neck out

[54]

3M/4F

22

25.7

2.7

2

9

23.6

1.8

R

39.8

0.35a

Neck out

[50]

  1. n number of participants, M male, F female, T a ambient temperature, T w water temperature, R rectum, GI gastrointestinal tract, NR not reported
  2. acirculated bath
  3. bfield treatment