Intubation after rapid sequence induction performed by non-medical personnel during space exploration missions: a simulation pilot study in a Mars analogue environment

Table 4 Objective participants’ skill assessment

Skill category	Skill subcategory	Skill assessed
Technical skills	Preparation	1. Performs the checklist, notes missing items
(Max. 20 points)		2. Follows checklist
		3. Identifies hemorrhagic shock
	Procedure	4. Administers the appropriate IV fluid volume
		5. Preoxygenates correctly
		6. Injects the correct sequence of drugs and doses
		7. Intubates correctly
		8. Appropriately confirms tube placement
		9. Reverses the anaesthesia in the recommended manner
		10. Extubates according to instructions
Non-technical skills	Task management	1. Planning and preparing
(Max. 20 points)		2. Prioritizing
	Communication	3. Describes what he/she sees
		4. Describes what he/she does
	Situation awareness	5. Gathering information
		6. Recognizing and understanding
		7. Anticipating
	Decision making	8. Identifies options
		9. Balancing risks and selecting options
		10. Re-evaluating

Each question was given 0 point if the task was not observed, 1 point for tasks partially fulfilled or 2 points for tasks entirely completed. Non-technical skills grading adapted from Anaesthetists’ Non-Technical Skills (ANTS) system [23]

ISSN: 2046-7648