Skeletal muscle energy metabolism in environmental hypoxia: climbing towards consensus

Horscroft, James A; Murray, Andrew J

doi:10.1186/2046-7648-3-19

Extreme Physiology & Medicine

Table 2 The effects of environmental hypoxia on biomarkers of glycolysis in skeletal muscle

From: Skeletal muscle energy metabolism in environmental hypoxia: climbing towards consensus

First author	Year	Organism	Muscle model	Hypoxia model	p(O ₂ ) _min (kPa)	Duration (d)	Marker	Change
Green [15]	1992	Human	vl	4,300 m	12.8	1	Phosphofructokinase activity	↓
							Hexokinase activity	=
Roberts [20]	1996	Human	vl	4,300 m	12.8	1	Glucose oxidation	=
Pastoris [29]	1995	Rat	gnm	10% O₂	10.1	3	Hexokinase activity	=
							Phosphofructokinase activity	↑
							Lactate dehydrogenase activity	=
							Pyruvate kinase activity	↓
Pastoris [29]	1995	Rat	sol	10% O₂	10.1	3	Hexokinase activity	=
							Phosphofructokinase activity	↓
							Lactate dehydrogenase activity	=
							Pyruvate kinase activity	=
Dutta [28]	2009	Rat	mix	349 mmHg	10.3	7	Lactate dehydrogenase activity	↑
Vigano [16]	2008	Human	vl	4,559 m	12.4	8	Enolase levels	↓
van Hall [21]	2009	Human	vl	4,100 m	13.1	14	Lactate dehydrogenase activity	=
De Palma [27]	2007	Rat	gnm	10% O₂	10.1	14	β-enolase levels	↓
							Phosphoglyercomutase 2 levels	↓
							Pyruvate kinase levels	↑
							Triose phosphate isomerase levels	↓
Young [22]	1984	Human	vl	4,300 m	12.8	18	Hexokinase activity	=
							Lactate dehydrogenase activity	=
Levett [18]	2012	Human	vl	5,300 m	11.3	19	Hexokinase activity	=
Roberts [30]	1996	Human	vl	4,300 m	12.8	21	Glucose oxidation	↑
Green [15]	1992	Human	vl	4,300 m	12.8	21	Phosphofructokinase activity	↓
							Hexokinase activity	↑
Daneshrad [24]	2000	Rat	sol	10% O₂	10.1	21	Hexokinase activity	↑
							Lactate dehydrogenase activity	=
							Phosphofructokinase activity	=
							Pyruvate kinase levels	=
Green [19]	2000	Human	vl	6,194 m	10.1	21	Lactate dehydrogenase activity	↑
Green [17]	1989	Human	vl	8,848 m	7.1	40	Hexokinase activity	↓
							α-GPDH activity	=
							Lactate dehydrogenase activity	=
							Phosphofructokinase activity	=
							Pyruvate kinase levels	=
van Hall [21]	2009	Human	vl	4,100 m	13.1	56	Lactate dehydrogenase activity	=
McClelland [25]	2002	Rat	sol	4,300 m	12.8	56	Lactate dehydrogenase levels	=
							Monocarboxylate transporter 1 levels	=
							Monocarboxylate transporter 4 levels	↓
McClelland [25]	2002	Rat	pla	4,300 m	12.8	56	Lactate dehydrogenase levels	=
							Monocarboxylate transporter 1 levels	↓
							Monocarboxylate transporter 4 levels	↓
McClelland [25]	2002	Rat	gnm	4,300 m	12.8	56	Lactate dehydrogenase levels	=
							Monocarboxylate transporter 1 levels	=
							Monocarboxylate transporter 4 levels	=
Abdelmalki [23]	1996	Rat	sol	13% O₂	13.1	64	Lactate dehydrogenase activity	=
							Phosphofructokinase activity	↑
							Hexokinase activity	=
Abdelmalki [23]	1996	Rat	pla	13% O₂	13.1	64	Lactate dehydrogenase activity	=
							Phosphofructokinase activity	=
							Hexokinase activity	=
Abdelmalki [23]	1996	Rat	rq	13% O₂	13.1	64	Lactate dehydrogenase activity	=
							Phosphofructokinase activity	=
Abdelmalki [23]	1996	Rat	wq	13% O₂	13.1	64	Lactate dehydrogenase activity	=
							Phosphofructokinase activity	↑
Levett [18]	2012	Human	vl	8,848 m	7.1	66	Hexokinase activity	↓
Ou [26]	2004	Rat	edl	5,500 m	11.0	90	Lactate dehydrogenase activity	=

↑ Change in biomarker is indicative of an increase in β-oxidation in hypoxia.
= No change in biomarker in hypoxia.
↓ Change in biomarker is indicative of a decrease in β-oxidation in hypoxia.
Abbreviations: edl extensor digitorum longus, mix mixed skeletal, pla plantaris, q quadriceps, rq red quadriceps, sol soleus, vl vastus lateralis, wq white quadriceps.

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ISSN: 2046-7648

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