Water immersion for post incident cooling of firefighters; a review of practical fire ground cooling modalities

Table 4 Descriptive data for HFI studies meeting the inclusion criteria

Cooling rate	n	Age (years)	T_a (°C)	Mins to treatment	T_w (°C)	Duration (mins)	BMI (kg m²)	BSA (m⁻²)	T_c site	Pre T_c	Δ T_c (°C min⁻¹)	References
Unacceptable	7NR	40.0	18.0	NR	19.0	15	28.2	2.1	GI	38.2	~0.01	[14]
	10M	22.6	NR	5	17.0	20	27.4	2.1	R	38.5	~0.02	[55]
	15M	40.7	35.0	5	17.4	20	26.5	2.1	R	38.3	~0.02^a	[4]
	9M	22.0	31.2	3	16.4–17.8	30	21.5	1.9	R	38.5	~0.02	[15]
	24M/1F	36.5	32.5	0	~10.0	15	25.6	2.0	GI	38.2	~0.03^b	[20]
	6M	NR	35.0	5	17.4	20	NR	NR	R	38.9	~0.03^a	[4]
	14NR	29.3	15.0	NR	12.5	20	NR	NR	GI	38.5	~0.04	[56]
	17M	24.0	35.0	0	10.0	10	21.7	1.8	R	~38.2	~0.04	[57]
	10M/2F	30.7	33.3–36.9	0	24.9	20	26.4	2.0	GI	38.5	0.05^b	[21]
	11NR	32.2	22.5	NR	20.9	30	28.2	2.0	GI	38.3	0.05^b	[3]
	14 M/4F	25.9	24.0	NR	14.3	20	25.5	1.9	GI	~38.3	~0.05	[19]
	6M/1F	25.0	20.7	NR	12.0	15	23.9	1.9	R	39.0	~0.05	[58]

n number of participants, M male, F female, T _a ambient temperature, T _w water temperature, R rectum, GI gastrointestinal tract, NR not reported
^acirculated bath
^bfield treatment

ISSN: 2046-7648